What is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 pound of a substance by 10 degrees F called?

The correct term for the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 pound of a substance by 10 degrees Fahrenheit is "Specific Heat." This concept is vital in understanding how different substances respond to heat input.

Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree (in this case, Fahrenheit). When you state that it takes a certain amount of heat to change the temperature by 10 degrees F for a pound of a substance, you are referring to the substance’s specific heat multiplied by the change in temperature. This characteristic varies greatly among different materials, helping to explain why some materials heat up or cool down more quickly than others.

Latent heat, on the other hand, refers to the heat energy per mass unit required for a phase change, without a change in temperature. Thermal capacity, while related, generally refers to the total heat capacity of a substance and is not specifically tied to a change in temperature of a pound of substance. Calorimetry is the science used to measure the amount of heat in a system, but it does not define the relationship between heat and temperature change for a given mass.